Over the last 6 years I’ve written hundreds of programs for clients from a wide variety of backgrounds from office workers training 3 days a week to drop a few kilos and improve their health through to military personnel and police training up to 3 sessions a day to achieve special forces selection.

In this article I want to outline the considerations and basic steps that I go through in putting together any program so that next time you need a program you can have a go at putting together a personalized program that takes into account your current fitness level, goals and available time and resources.

Programming Considerations

Goals

Before you begin to put together a training program it’s important to determine the desired outcome of the plan.  I won’t spend too much time on goal setting as it’s an area that most people are familiar with but one point I do want to stress is that in order for your plan to be successful your goals need to be fairly simple and they need to be achievable in the time frame you’ve set.  Many people I talk to are making the mistake of chasing too many goals at once and end up achieving nothing.  If you want to get good at several things that’s fine, just break your program up into smaller cycles and emphasise one or two goals at a time and put your other goals in a holding pattern.  If you are working hard on one aspect of fitness you won’t lose much ground on another aspect of fitness!

Time and Resources

This is a critical consideration.  If you want to join the SAS but you work 80 hours a week then chances are your available time is insufficient to achieve your goals.  Decide early on how many days a week you can REALISTICALLY devote to training.  You will save yourself a lot of frustration by planning and executing a solid 3 day week program compared to planning on 6 days a week and missing 3 workouts due to other commitments.

I would recommend a minimum of 3 days a week and a maximum of 6 days a week with a maximum of 15 training sessions for very serious athletes.

As with time, make sure you’ve got access to the right equipment before planning your training.  If you want to get strong you’ll need weights of some description, if you want to become the worlds greatest crossfitter then you are going to need a gym full of rings, rowers and all the other toys needed for the workouts.

Current fitness level, diet and supplementation, age and training age

I’ve lumped these together because they are all major factors in your ability to adapt and recover from training sessions.  Many people get frustrated because they set out to do a program only to burn out .  The problem is that unbeknownst to the athlete the program was originally written for a genetically gifted 25 year old professional athlete on a steady diet of food sleep and steroids!

At this stage of planning it’s important to conduct an honest assessment of how well you are going to recover from your training and take that into account when planning overall volume and intensity.

Putting the plan together

So once you’ve written down the main considerations above it’s time to put together a plan.   Here are the steps I go through when putting together a program.  Note that when planning initially I don’t try to put the program into a weekly schedule, I simply collect all the elements together and arrange them later, often shuffling things around a few times to get the best fit.

Match your goals with primary exercises/workouts

This stage is pretty simple.  If you’ve got a specific goal simply match up that goal with a short list of core exercises.  For example if your goal is to improve your powerlifting performance you would choose squat, bench press and deadlift and if your goal was to improve your aerobic fitness you might choose 3-4 variations of aerobic exercise like long distance runs, intervals, rowing and cycling.

Within your workouts these exercises should be “front loaded”, that is they should appear preferably as the first exercises in a session so that if the session gets cut short you’ve got your important stuff out of the way early.  I like to call these your “A” exercises and in a good program they will account for about 70% of your time and will give you about 80- 90% of your total results.  If you are on very limited time they may be the only exercises you do.

Choose supplementary exercises

Once you’ve got your big basics written down you can add a sprinkle of exercises that complement your core exercises.  This can be stuff like ab work, mobility work or strength exercises to balance out areas that need work to support the primary areas of interest in your program.  For a powerlifter this might be things like seated rows to balance out the shoulder or some conditioning work to keep bodyweight down.  For an endurance athlete this could mean strength work, soft tissue work or stretching.

These “B” exercises are still very important but because of their secondary role you can get away with dropping them occasionally (but you shouldn’t make a habit of it)

Sometimes I even go a step further and add some “C” exercises and workouts that are nice to have but not essential.

So for example a sample exercise grouping for a strongman in the early off season might look like this.

Main goal – Improve deadlift and overhead strength.

“A” exercises

Deadlift

Rack pulls

Military press

Push press

“B” exercises

Squats

Planks

Kroc Rows

Pullups

Bench press

Glute Ham Raise

“C” exercises

Kettlebell Swings

Strongman implement work

Conditioning work

Choose set, rep and loading schemes for your primary exercises

Once you’ve got your exercises sorted it’s time to choose your sets, reps and loads for your primary exercises.  This is where the art and science of programming can get a bit tricky as there are a number of effective (and some not so effective) loading patterns you can use.

Initially I suggest using a simple program like 5 sets of 5 with a steady linear progression in weights over 4 – 6 weeks.  You could also adopt a 5-3-1 loading pattern or alternate between sets of 5 and sets of 3.

For endurance programs a simple cycle of long distance, short interval, medium intervals with a linear progression in volume works well.

Conclusion

In part two of this article I’ll outline the final steps in putting together a program and provide some worked examples of programs for different goals.

Pulling 240kg in April

In my experience the vast majority of athletes are always on the look out for the magic program that is going to boost their performance into the stratosphere while making them 10X sexier to the opposite sex.

They are normally impatient for the performance and sexiness to arrive and try 4, 6, 8 or 12 week super cycles that promise the world but often deliver overtraining, frustration and injury instead of results.

While it may not provide instant results or sexiness (your mileage may vary) Jim Wendlers 5-3-1 system is a definite antidote to the endless skipping through radical plans.

It’s more of the slow cooker approach to strength development and if you’ve got a tiny bit of patience for the first few weeks then you’ll reap some big rewards.

I’ve been using 5-3-1 now for a few months, testing out variations of the program in my own training and want to share some observations so that you can decide if it’s a good option for your training.

Background

I first heard of 5-3-1 months ago but was already heavily into a serious strongman training program training 6 times a week for up to 2 hours at a time plus a 3 hour event training session.  On the plus side I was getting stronger at a rapid rate but on the downside my food bill was killing me, I was constantly sore from training and I was spending lots of money and time on recovery methods each week.

Overall at the time it was worth it but after two strongman competitions I decided that I needed a more sustainable plan both for the sake of my body and also because I had a lot of work coming up running a big weightlifting competition and training time was going to be cut back to 3 x 1 hour sessions a week.

Even on such a time limited program I wanted to try and make progress that would serve as a base for future strongman competitions.

After tossing up a few ideas I bought a copy of 5-3-1 from Elite FTS and got stuck into it.

The first thing that struck me about 5-3-1 was the simplicity of the program and also a degree of hesitation.  Coming from an Olympic weightlifting coaching background I’m used to programs where you squat 9 times a week, pull 9 times a week and put stuff overhead 9 times a week.  Where training is ruled by strict percentage charts and where you stop at the specified number of reps even if you feel like you could do more.

To go from this to doing each basic lift (squat, bench, deadlift and military press) once a week and only hitting one truly maximal set in each session was a massive shock at first but after a couple of cycles I discovered that there are definite positives that can be taken from such a program.

1.   If you really put your heart and soul into that one crucial set then you don’t need to do 5 sub max sets. This is very time efficient

2.   When you are time poor and under a lot of job pressure it’s far easier to psych yourself up for one death set and get it over with than it is to sustain the intensity across multiple sets and exercises.

3.   Therefore even if you are having a rotten day and are tired you can normally squeeze out that one good set and even if that’s the only thing you do in the gym that day you can walk out knowing that you’ve done the important stuff.

4.   By starting well away from your current comp 1RM and working on rep PRs you build a habit of success and getting a flying start on the more difficult work closer to your 1 Rep max.

5.   Even though I was sore after some sessions overall I was much fresher and more enthusiastic about training. I looked forward to each session and looked forward to breaking rep PRs.

On top of the basic program Jim has many recommendations for assistance work to fill in the gaps.  Overall I ended up using a few variations of the assistance work including not doing any at all! What I found was that you can either use the assistance work to add some volume if your recovery is in order or you can use the assistance work to correct deficiencies and advance your main lifts by doing complementary work.

One word of caution.  Initially it looks like a 5-3-1 program is too easy and you may be tempted to add extra workouts, tons of extra exercises etc etc.

DON’T

As prescribed 5-3-1 ain’t the fastest way to gain strength in the short term but over a period of months and even years it’s going to build a massive, solid foundation and result in steady progress toward your goals.

The beauty of the system is that you are always striving for rep PRs which give you a sense of achievement without wearing you out and then on the occasions when you do test your max you are bound to be surprised by your results and chances are over the course of a year you’ll make better progress than some streak of lightning who comes into the gym, pounds out a 4 week mega everything cycle and then gets burnt out or hurt and has to take months off!  I’m not saying that there isn’t room for the occasional focus program but unless you’ve got experience in planning training or a good coach 5-3-1 is going to be a more reliable and safe way to build long term strength for powerlifting or strongman.

Some figures from my program

Rep PRs

Bench press      95kg x 8  increased to 100 x 13, 110 x 8 and 115 x 5

Squat        155kg x 3 increased to 155 x 8 and 170kg x 5

Deadlift        195×3 to 200×7 and 215×3

These results were from the 8^th of July to the 1^st of October or just under three months.

1RM

Bench press from       120 to 130

Deadlift                         240 to 245

Squat                            200 no change but the day I tested it I felt off

So in summary

I found 5-3-1 to be well written, easy to understand, easy to implement and a very effective program that deserves a look by anyone serious about building a base of raw strength that can be applied to any strength and power sport.

Note – I have no financial arrangement or affiliate deal with Jim Wendler, I just think it’s a great product and people should know about it

www.nickmckinless.com

Nick is a top level stuntman, trainer and strongman and at the moment he’s been advising me on training for my first strongman comp. Nick is currently training a bunch of other stuntmen as well as one of the competitors for Worlds Strongest Man 2009.

Check out his website for some wiked videos of his stunts and strongman events! Nick is Also available for training consultations and he recently told em that he’s looking at doing some more detailed online coaching so if you need a program for strongman he’d be the guy to call!

www.mikemahler.com

Mike was one of the original Senior Kettlebell instructors in the US and way back in 2004 I got to train with him both privately in LA and then again at the RKC in Minnesota.

Mike has got some great articles on kettlebells, diet and hormonal control for maximal performance and he’s also got some excellent DVDs.

I just watched his latest 4 DVD set “Collision Course” which includes over 9 hours of footage from 7 different trainers (including grip legend John Brookfield and Pro Strongman Mark Phillipi) and there is some excellent stuff there.

If you want some new ideas to sharpen your kettlebell or strength training program then I highly recommend checking out Mike’s site.

http://www.youtube.com/user/MusclePitWA

Some great videos here of innovative strength and power training. I met Henry Day on one of my trips to Perth last year and he’s not lying when he calls the Muscle Pit “Perths Strongest Gym”

If you are in Perth i’d recommend giving them a call but even if you aren’t check out their videos.

The article is by Pavel Tsatsouline and was posted on Tim Ferriss’ 4 hour Work Week blog. (I highly recommend getting a copy of Tim’s book)

The main thrust of the article is that many people do too much fluff in the gym and that you can eliminate much of the crap, work hard on the basics and achieve better results.

The article outlines a plan to cut powerlifting training down to bench, deadlift and squat. Of course you may not be into powerlifting but I think that the principles outlined in the article are sound and could easily be applied to other fitness areas. For example an Olympic lifter could choose clean and jerk, snatch, pulls and squats and apply the program, or a kettlebell lifter might cut back to snatches, turkish get ups and presses.

I’ve kind of being doing this for the last few weeks anyway. I’ve been squatting heavy, doing either pullups or military presses and then a short conditioning workout at the end of each session. It allows me to squeeze in a workout before my clients and athletes turn up to the gym and i’m hitting rep PBs on back squat.

Anyway check out the full article here

Tim Ferriss – Pavel Tsatsouline Blog post